
GEO vs SEO: What Actually Changes
Most of GEO is SEO you should already be doing. The genuinely new parts are few, specific, and worth separating from the noise.

Someone asks ChatGPT for the best company to build their product, and three or four get named. Being one of them is worth more than a page of search results, because the shortlist has already been made for them.
Almost every guide to this starts with how to write your content. That is genuinely the third most important factor. Two things come first, and if either is wrong the writing advice is wasted.
Retrieval crawlers fetch your page at the moment the question is asked. If they get a 403, you cannot be cited, no matter what the page says. Check with one line per crawler:
curl -s -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code}' -A "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; OAI-SearchBot/1.0)" https://yourdomain.com/
Run it for OAI-SearchBot, ChatGPT-User, PerplexityBot, ClaudeBot and GPTBot. Anything other than 200 is a block, and it is usually a CDN default nobody chose — we found exactly that on this site, with a permissive robots.txt and a firewall returning 403 to every one of them.
The second reachability question is whether your content is in the HTML. Many crawlers run little or no JavaScript, so fetch your own page with curl and read what comes back. If the text only exists after hydration, assume it does not exist.
This is the uncomfortable one. When a model answers "best X companies", it is drawing on pages about the category — listicles, directories, forum threads, comparison posts. Your own site claiming you are excellent carries almost no weight, because every site claims that.
Search your target question and look at what actually ranks. For "best AI software development companies" the entire first page is agency blogs, each listing itself near the top. That is the corpus the model reads. A company absent from all of it does not appear in the answer.
What to do about it, in rough order of effort:
Now the writing advice, which is real but only matters once the first two are true. A model quotes paragraphs, not pages, so the unit of optimisation is the passage.
Mark up your FAQs with FAQPage schema. A structured question-and-answer pair is the most directly reusable format there is, and it is cheap. An llms.txt helps a model that has already found you describe you correctly, though it does nothing to help it find you.
Models answer about things they can identify. If your name, one-line description and contact details are identical everywhere — your site, your schema, every directory — you are far easier to recall as a single entity than a company whose details vary by listing.
Pick one canonical description and use it verbatim. Put Organization schema on every page, not just the home page, so any single page a crawler reads states which entity it belongs to.
Citations usually produce no referrer, so the honest method is to ask directly and keep a record.
Expect months, not weeks. The model has to encounter you repeatedly, across sources it did not get from you. That is the whole mechanism, and it is also why it is defensible once it works.
This is what our AI-search SEO work covers, and GEO versus SEO explains why the two need different tactics.
Three things in order. Confirm retrieval crawlers like OAI-SearchBot and ChatGPT-User receive a 200 rather than a 403 from your firewall, and that your content is in the raw HTML rather than injected by JavaScript. Then get mentioned on third-party pages about your category — directories, listicles, forum answers — because that is what the model reads when asked to recommend companies. Only then does how you write matter.
Less than most people assume for 'best X' questions. A model answering those reads pages about the category — listicles, directories and forum threads — where your self-description carries little weight because every company claims to be excellent. Your own pages matter most once someone is already researching you by name.
Months rather than weeks. A model has to encounter your company repeatedly across sources you did not publish, which is a slow accumulation. The reachability fixes are immediate, but building third-party presence is the part that takes time — and it is also what makes the result hard for a competitor to copy quickly.
Ask the engines directly on a schedule. Put your ten highest-intent buyer questions through ChatGPT, Claude and Perplexity monthly and record whether you are named and which sources are cited. Supplement that with referral traffic from chatgpt.com and perplexity.ai, and with branded search volume in Search Console, which rises when people meet you in an answer and look you up.